IBM has been behind some of the biggest breakthroughs in computing - AI (Watson), quantum computing, supercomputers, databases, operating systems, PC compilers, semiconductor research, and now the world's first sub‑1 nm chip technology.
But unlike companies like NVIDIA, Apple, Microsoft, Google or TSMC, IBM rarely dominates the commercial market for the tech it helps pioneer.
Why does IBM consistently lead in innovation yet struggle to turn those breakthroughs into large‑scale commercial success?
Source: [[IBM Research](https://research.ibm.com/blog/sub-1nm-node-chips), [Reuters](https://www.reuters.com/business/ibm-unveils-tech-chip-smaller-than-1-nanometer-ai-computing-push-2026-06-25/)]
(https://i.ibb.co/dJjdcBcL/9ssri96xuq9h1.jpg)
Their business model is different - they pour huge money into R&D and then license the tech. The licensing fees are enough for them to grow, much like ARM.
Building a prototype isn't the tough part - the manufacturing is the real challenge.
There's a lot of management chaos inside the company, and they can't innovate at the speed needed.
Maybe the yield is too low to justify the benefits of a 1 nm process.
They are, but most people don't see it because IBM now focuses only on enterprise business, not on consumer products.
Just look at the number of patents they hold - they're really good at what they do.
Going from an idea to a first product and then to full production is a huge leap and takes a lot of time and investment.
Large‑scale production will take time.